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Academic; research psychologist and lecturer at the University of Glasgow ; studies the biological and social factors underlying face perception and preferences. John Scott Keltie. Geographer , known for his work with the Royal Geographical Society.

William Elford Leach. Zoologist and marine biologist, described several species including Libinia emarginata. Physicist and mathematician, gave the first modern description of capillary action and the artificial production of ice, developed the Leslie cube.

James Bowman Lindsay. Inventor, author, credited with early developments in several fields, such as incandescent lighting and telegraphy. Donald MacCrimmon MacKay. Maxwell T. Botanist and taxonomist, known for his work in vegetable teratology. George Matthew McNaughton. Civil engineer , chief engineer to the Department of Health.

William M'Intosh. Physician, psychiatrist, marine biologist, awarded the Linnean Medal. Maureen Muggeridge. Geologist, worked mainly in diamond mining. James D. Academic and mathematician, worked mainly in mathematical biology , held professorships at Oxford University and the University of Washington. Mathematician, physicist , astronomer , astrologer , known for discovering logarithms , inventing Napier's bones and popularising the use of the decimal point. Mark M. William Richmond. Catherine Steele.

Robert Balfour. Stephen Haliczer. Kieron O'Hara. Philosopher, computer scientist and political writer. Russell Kirk. Political theorist , moralist , historian, social critic , literary critic , fiction author, known for his influence on 20th-century American conservatism. Dominic Sandbrook. Lawrence Stenhouse. Robert Archibald Armstrong. James Crichton. Polymath and origin of the term 'the admirable Crichton'.

Michael Wesley. Academic, professor of national security at the Australian National University. Historian and chancellor of Moi University. Adam Ferguson. Philosopher and historian of the Scottish enlightenment ; "the father of modern sociology". Steve Boardman. William Craigie. Philologist , lexicographer. James Main Dixon. Professor of English literature , author, scholar of the Scots language.

Cartographer , writer, tutor of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. Academic, linguist , translator, worked at King's College London and the British Museum , remembered for the erroneous Cox-Forbes theory. Peter Goodwin. Maritime historian, author, former keeper and curator of HMS Victory. George Hadow. Professor of Hebrew and oriental languages at St Mary's College. Bonaventure Hepburn. Roman Catholic linguist, lexicographer, philologist, biblical commentator, held the post of Keeper of Oriental Books and Manuscripts at the Vatican.

Alexander Haslam. Academic and professor of psychology at the University of Queensland. David N. Minister; Gaelic scholar; folklorist; known for The Secret Commonwealth , a treatise on fairy folklore , witchcraft, ghosts, and the second sight , a type of extrasensory perception described as a phenomenon by the people of the Scottish Highlands. Norman Kemp Smith. Roger Lewis. William Manderstown. Philosopher, Rector of the University of Paris.

James Mylne. Richard Oram. Stephen Daniels. Alan Stewart Duthie. Professor of Linguistics at University of Ghana. Instrumental in establishment of the study of Linguistics in Ghana.

He also was a long-serving member of the translation committee of the Bible Society of Ghana. James Black. Physician, pharmacologist ; winner of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ; developed beta blockers and H2 receptor antagonists. Edward Jenner.

Physician and pioneer of the smallpox vaccine. Joseph Bancroft. Surgeon and parasitologist. Physician and the author of the Black Report. John Garrow. Honorary consultant physician, nutrition scientist , and editor of the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Robert Whytt. Physician and president of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

John Arbuthnot. Physician, satirist, polymath, creator of the character John Bull. Patrick Abercromby. George Ballingall. Physician, surgeon, regius professor of military surgery at Edinburgh University. Comparative anatomist , extramural teacher in anatomy, and director of the Highland Society of Scotland. Obstetric physician and amateur artist. Physician; authority on kidney disease ; known for his work in related sciences, especially the medical uses of electricity and electrochemistry.

Physician, an original member of the Royal Society. Elizabeth Bryson. Sheila Callender. Physician, haematologist. John Clephane. Physician, military physician and correspondent of David Hume. Andrew Duncan. Physician and professor at Edinburgh University. Physician, and personal physician to George IV.

Margaret Fairlie. John Goodsir. George Britton Halford. Anatomist, physiologist , founder of the first medical school in Australia, the University of Melbourne School of Medicine. John Lorimer. James Simson. Physician, divine , religious and political reformer, Fellow of Peterhouse College, Cambridge. Richard Poole. Hubert Lacey. Physician, psychiatrist, academic, professor of psychiatry at St George's Medical School , specialises in the management of eating disorders.

John Pringle. Charles Rizza. Stewart Duke-Elder. Samuel Cockburn. Physician, homeopath , critic of the medical establishment of the time.

Physician, known for contributions to the study of mental illness and epidemiology. President of the Royal Meteorological Society — Alexander Balfour.

Merchant and founder of the shipping company Balfour Williamson. Peter Burt. Businessman, former chief executive and later Governor of the Bank of Scotland. Archibald Constable. John Cuckney. Industrialist , civil servant and peer. Minister ; founder of the world's first commercial saving bank, Trustee Savings Bank.

Iain Ferguson. Robert Horton. Andrew Mackenzie. George Mathewson. Robert Paul Reid. Olivier Sarkozy. Investment banker and half brother of the French President , Nicolas Sarkozy.

Alex Salmond. Politician and MSP for Edinburgh central. Marlyn Glen. George Reid. Jamie Stone. Gordon Jackson. Angie Bray. Michael Forsyth. Barry Gardiner. John MacGregor. Desmond Swayne. James Brodie of Brodie. Thomas Shaw. Stephen Doughty. Thomas Dundas. Politician; aristocrat; MP for Richmond and Stirlingshire ; remembered for commissioning the Charlotte Dundas , the world's first practical steamboat. Lewis Moonie. Labour Co-operative politician, Member of Parliament for Kirkcaldy.

David Carnegie. Politician, nobleman, MP for Aberdeen Burghs. John Alfred Lush. Liberal Party politician, MP for Salisbury. Robert MacGregor Mitchell. John Sawers. Hikmat Abu Zayd. First female member of the Cabinet of Egypt. Henry Balnaves. John Hamilton-Gordon. Colleen Bell. Edgar Paul Boyko. Attorney , served as Attorney General for the State of Alaska. Thomas Bruce. Nobleman and diplomat, known for the removal of marble sculptures also known as the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon in Athens.

Eamonn Butler. Director and co-founder of the Adam Smith Institute think tank; author and broadcaster on economic and social issues. Archibald Campbell. De facto head of government in Scotland during most of the conflict known as the Wars of the Three Kingdoms ; major figure in the Covenanter movement.

Duncan Ndegwa. John Campbell. James Graham. John Graham. Soldier, nobleman, Tory , Episcopalian. Nobleman and the fourth Governor General of Canada from to Arthur Hobhouse. Local government Liberal politician; architect of the system of National parks of England and Wales. David Kurten. James Younger. Politician and elected hereditary peer who sits on the Conservative benches in the House of Lords ; Lord-in-waiting. Jean-Paul Marat. Physician, political theorist , scientist, radical journalist and politician in France during the French Revolution.

Madsen Pirie. Researcher, author, educator, founder and current president of the Adam Smith Institute. Lyon Playfair. James Wilson. Democratic member of the Arkansas Senate , represented the 11th District. Richard Arthur. Alastair Balls. Politician, Lord Justice Clerk and Protestant religious reformer. David Erskine. Nobleman , eccentric , founded the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Stuart Butler. Pamela Chesters. Conservative politician; advisor for health and youth opportunities to the Mayor of London , Boris Johnson.

James Hamilton. Scot who became owner of large tracts of land in County Down , Ireland, and founded a successful Protestant settlement there several years before the Plantation of Ulster.

James Clinkskill. Politician and engineer, merchant, author, justice of the peace and mayor of Saskatoon. Robert Cox. Gelatine and glue manufacturer and Liberal Unionist politician.

George Mackenzie. Alastair Crooke. Diplomat; founder and director of the Conflicts Forum; a figure in MI6. Kevin Dunion. James Glenie. Gordon Ritchie. George Turner Orton. John Young Bown. Frances Josephy. Liberal Party politician, chairman of the Federal Union. Donald Luddington.

David Lyndsay. William Maitland. Politician, reformer, Secretary of State. Douglas Mason. Policymaker, author, known for his work with the Adam Smith Institute in developing the poll tax. Fiona Hill presidential advisor. James Dundas, Lord Arniston. Duncan McNeill. George Dempster. Judge and MP for Forfarshire. Cleric, lawyer, author, senator at the College of Justice.

Statesman, diplomat, judge, spy, freemason , natural philosopher , known for his role in the founding of the Royal Society. Anthony Dickson Home. Alistair Irwin. Ewaryst Jakubowski. Polish paratrooper; member of the Polish Army in Exile ; stationed in St Andrews during World War II; attended art classes at the university; completed the Polish memorial mosaic on the town hall; parachuted into Poland as one of the Cichociemni and died in August during the Warsaw Uprising. William Gordon Rutherfurd.

Barney White-Spunner. Commander of the British Field Army. George Kennedy Young. Alex Younger. Financial journalist, author, founded Forbes magazine. Louise Minchin. Journalist and television presenter who works mainly for the BBC.

Tim Samuels. Journalist and the political editor for BBC Scotland. Craig Oliver. News editor , producer, media executive ; director of communications for the former British prime minister David Cameron ; former controller of English news output for BBC Global News. Judith Bumpus. Radio producer for the BBC specialising in coverage of the arts, particularly the work of visual artists.

Robbie Collin. Writer and film critic for the Daily Telegraph. Jolyon Connell. Margaret MacPherson. Lara Johnson-Wheeler. Brian Sonia-Wallace.

Alistair Moffat. Robert Aytoun. Andrew Crumey. Novelist and literary editor of the Edinburgh newspaper Scotland on Sunday. Gavin Douglas. William Dunbar. Alexander Hume. Robert Fergusson. Poet, known for his influence on Robert Burns. Research Student, Lippincott Fellowship [31]. American author. Winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Bruce Marshall. Fiction and nonfiction writer whose works were the subject of numerous television and film adaptations. Writer of children's books , winner of the Guardian Children's Fiction Prize.

Alastair Reynolds. Science fiction author. William Tennant. Fay Weldon. Author, essayist and playwright whose work has been associated with feminism. Timothy Williams. They were not as marginal as one might think today. For example, Alexander Pope was not the only Catholic whose contributions especially, Essays on Man help define the temper of an early English Enlightenment. According to reviewer Aidan Bellenger , Glickman also suggests that "rather than being the victims of the Stuart failure, 'the unpromising setting of exile and defeat' had 'sown the seed of a frail but resilient English Catholic Enlightenment'.

After this moribund period, the first signs of a revival occurred as thousands of French Catholics fled France during the French Revolution. The leaders of the Revolution were virulently anti-Catholic, even singling out priests and nuns for summary execution or massacre, and England was seen as a safe haven from Jacobin violence.

Also around this time , a new political entity was formed, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , which merged the Kingdom of Great Britain with the Kingdom of Ireland , thus increasing the number of Catholics in the new state. Pressure for abolition of anti-Catholic laws grew, particularly with the need for Catholic recruits to fight in the Napoleonic Wars.

Despite the resolute opposition of George IV , [] which delayed fundamental reform, brought a major step in the liberalisation of most anti-Catholic laws, though some aspects were to remain on the statute book into the 21st century. If Catholics were rich, however, exceptions were always made, even before the changes. For example, American ministers to the Court of St. James's were often struck by the prominence of wealthy American-born Catholics, titled ladies among the nobility, like Louisa Caton , granddaughter of Charles Carroll of Carrollton , and her two sisters, Mary Ann and Elizabeth.

At Louisa's first marriage, the Duke of Wellington escorted the bride. In the s and s, especially during the Great Irish Famine , while much of the large outflow of migration from Ireland was headed to the United States to seek work, hundreds of thousands of Irish people also migrated across the channel to England and Scotland and established communities in cities there, including London, Liverpool , Manchester and Glasgow , but also in towns and villages up and down the country, thus giving Catholicism in England a numerical boost.

At various points after the 16th century hopes have been entertained by many English Catholics that the "reconversion of England" was at hand. Additionally, with the arrival of Irish Catholic migrants Ireland was part of the UK until the partition, in , some considered that a "second spring" of Catholicism across Britain was developing. Rome responded by re-establishing the Catholic hierarchy in , creating 12 Catholic dioceses in England from existing apostolic vicariates and appointing diocesan bishops to replace earlier titular bishops with fixed sees on a more traditional Catholic pattern.

The Catholic Church in England and Wales had had 22 dioceses immediately before the Reformation, but none of the current 22 bear close resemblance geographically to the 22 earlier pre-Reformation dioceses. The re-established Catholic episcopacy specifically avoided using places that were sees of the Church of England, in effect temporarily abandoning the titles of Catholic dioceses before Elizabeth I because of the Ecclesiastical Titles Act of , which in England favoured a state church i.

Some of the Catholic dioceses, however, took the titles of bishoprics which had previously existed in England but were no longer used by the Anglican Church e.

Beverley — later divided into Leeds and Middlesbrough, Hexham — later changed to Hexham and Newcastle. In the few cases where a Catholic diocese bears the same title as an Anglican one in the same town or city e. The Act applied only to England and Wales, not Scotland or Ireland; thus official recognition afforded by the grant of arms to the Archdiocese of St Andrews and Edinburgh, brought into being by Lord Lyon in , relied on the fact that the Ecclesiastical Titles Act of never applied to Scotland.

A proportion of the Anglicans who were involved in the Oxford Movement or "Tractarianism" were ultimately led beyond these positions and converted to the Catholic Church, including, in , the movement's principal intellectual leader, John Henry Newman.

More new Catholics would come from the Anglican Church, often via high Anglicanism, for at least the next hundred years, and something of this continues. As anti-Catholicism declined sharply after , the church grew in numbers, grew rapidly in terms of priests and sisters, and expanded their parishes from inner city industrial areas to more salubrious suburbs. Although underrepresented in the higher levels of the social structure, apart from a few old aristocratic Catholic families, Catholic talent was emerging in journalism, literature, the arts, and diplomacy.

A striking development was the surge in highly publicised conversion of intellectuals and writers including most famously G. Anscombe was also a notable convert during the early 20th century. Tolkien and the composer Edward Elgar , whose oratorio The Dream of Gerontius was based on a 19th-century poem by Newman. English Catholicism continued to grow throughout the first two-thirds of the 20th century, when it was associated primarily with elements in the English intellectual class and the ethnic Irish population.

Numbers attending Mass remained very high in stark contrast with the Anglican church although not to other Protestant churches , [] Clergy numbers, which began the 20th century at under 3,, reached a high of 7, in By the latter years of the twentieth century low numbers of vocations also affected the church [] with ordinations to the priesthood dropping from the hundreds in the late 20th century into the teens in — 16 in for example and a recovery into the 20s thereafter, with a prediction for of As in other English-speaking countries such as the United States and Australia, the movement of Irish Catholics out of the working-class into the middle-class suburban mainstream often meant their assimilation with broader, secular English society and loss of a separate Catholic identity.

The Second Vatican Council has been followed, as in other Western countries, by divisions between Traditionalist Catholicism and a more liberal form of Catholicism claiming inspiration from the council.

This caused difficulties for not a few pre-conciliar converts, though others have still joined the Church in recent decades for instance, Malcolm Muggeridge , Alec Guinness , and Joseph Pearce. And public figures often descendants of the recusant families include Timothy Radcliffe , former Master of the Order of Preachers Dominicans and writer.

Radcliffe is related to three late cardinals — Weld , Vaughan and Hume the last because his cousin Lord Hunt is married to Hume's sister — and his family is connected to many of the great recusant English Catholic families, the Arundels, Tichbournes, Talbots, Stourtons, Stonors, Welds and Blundells.

There are numerous prominent campaigners, academics, entertainers like Danny Boyle the most successful Catholic in showbiz owing to his film, Slumdog Millionaire , politicians and writers. But the descendants of the recusant families are still a force in the land. Since the Second Vatican Council Vatican II the Church in England has tended to focus on ecumenical dialogue with the Anglican Church rather than winning converts from it as in the past.

Converts to Catholicism in Britain occur for any number of reasons, not least from "the mystical buoyant instinct" within each person to grow toward a profounder expression of what they believe. The spirit of ecumenism fostered by Vatican II resulted in with the Catholic Church in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland joining Churches Together in Britain and Ireland as an expression of the churches' commitment to work ecumenically. In , for example, a memorial was put up to St John Houghton and fellow Carthusian monks martyred at the London Charterhouse , Anglican priest Geoffrey Curtis campaigned for it with the current archbishop of Canterbury's blessing.

Ronald Knox pointed out: 'Each of them [martyrs] died in the belief that he was bearing witness to the truth; and if you accept both testimonies undiscriminately, then you are making nonsense of them both.

A large number of young Dominican friars attended. Fr Radcliffe said, "I don't think there have been so many Dominicans in one place since the time of Robert Kilwardby, the Dominican Archbishop of Canterbury in the 13th century. The Church's principles of social justice influenced initiatives to tackle the challenges of poverty and social inclusion. In Cardinal Basil Hume established the Cardinal Hume Centre [] to work with homeless young people, badly housed families and local communities to access accommodation, support and advice, education, training and employment opportunities.

On 3 November , John Bingham, Head of Media at the Church of England, reported in The Daily Telegraph that Cardinal Vincent Nichols officially acknowledged that the Catholic Church in England and Wales had pressured young unmarried mothers in the country to put their children up for adoption in agencies linked to the Catholic Church throughout the decades following World War II and offered an apology.

In November the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse reported that between and , the church in England and Wales had received more than complaints involving more than 3, instances of child sexual abuse, made against almost 1, individuals, including priests, monks and church associates.

In light of such serious and persistent allegations over decades, the Inquiry had hoped to gain the cooperation of the Vatican. In the event its repeated requests were thwarted. As a result, there have been calls for resignations of prelates in leadership roles both from victims, their families and supporters. The inquiry has not spared criticism of the church for prioritising its reputation over the suffering of victims.

Cardinal Nichols was singled out in the inquiry report for lack of personal responsibility, or of compassion towards victims. However he has indicated he would not be resigning as he was "determined to put it right". There are 22 dioceses which are divided into parishes for comparison, the Church of England and Church in Wales currently have a total of 50 dioceses.

For this reason in the global Catholic Church outside England , he is de facto Primate of England though not in the eyes of English law and the established Church of England. Historically, the avoidance of the title of "Primate" was to eschew whipping up anti-Catholic tension, in the same way the bishops of the restored hierarchy avoided using current titles of Anglican sees Archbishop of Westminster rather than "Canterbury" or "London".

However, the Archbishop of Westminster had certain privileges: he was the only metropolitan in the country until when the archdioceses of Birmingham and Liverpool were created and he has always acted as leader at meetings of the English bishops. Although the bishops of the restored hierarchy were obliged to take new titles, such as that of Westminster, they saw themselves very much in continuity with the pre-Reformation Church.

Westminster in particular saw itself as the continuation of Canterbury, hence the similarity of the coat of arms of the two sees with Westminster believing it has more right to it since it features the pallium , no longer given to Anglican archbishops. At the back of Westminster Cathedral is a list of Popes and, alongside this, a list of Catholic Archbishops of Canterbury beginning with Augustine of Canterbury and the year they received the pallium. After Cardinal Pole, the last Catholic incumbent of Canterbury, the names of the Catholic vicars apostolic or titular bishops from are recorded and then the Archbishops of Westminster, in one unimpaired line, from to the present, according to the Archdiocese of Westminster.

In October , following closed-circuit talks between some Anglicans and the Holy See , Pope Benedict made a relatively unconditional offer to accommodate disaffected Anglicans in the Church of England, enabling them, for the first time, to retain parts of their liturgy and heritage under Anglicanorum coetibus , while being in full communion with Rome.

By April the UK ordinariate numbered about , including five bishops and 60 priests. According to the first Ordinary, Mgr Keith Newton, the ordinariate will "work on something with an Anglican flavour, but they are not bringing over any set of Anglican liturgy".

Foley Beach, chairman of the Global Anglican Future Conference, "his willingness to continue to assist" that movement "in any way that might be suitable. There exists the Apostolic Exarchate for Ukrainians which serves the 15, Ukrainian Greek Catholics in Great Britain, with a cathedral and various churches across the country. Migration from Ireland in the 19th and 20th centuries and more recent Eastern European migration have significantly increased the numbers of Catholics in England and Wales, although Pew Research data and stats of point to other factors at work.

The spiritual needs of migrating Catholic Poles in England and Wales over the past two centuries have been tied inexorably to the changing geo-political fate of their homeland. Most of the arrivals up to the 21st century were escaping political and other repressions. They were not all Catholics.

On the accession of Poland to the European Union in there has been large-scale Polish immigration to the UK, up to people as of have come. Tadeusz Kukla up to , succeeded by the Mgr. The Tablet reported in December that the Polish Catholic Mission as stating that its branches follow a pastoral programme set by the Polish conference of bishops and are viewed as "an integral part of the Polish church".

Polish-speaking Catholics first arrived in the United Kingdom in some numbers after the 19th century national insurgencies in and which had arisen, especially in the Russian sector, in the wake of the Partitions of the Lithuanian - Polish commonwealth during the late 18th century.

In through the efforts of general Zamoyski and Cardinal Wiseman , Rev. Chwaliszewski was invited to come to London and lead services in the Polish chapel at St. Peter's Hatton Garden. The nucleus of the mission and its chaplaincy was formed by Blessed Franciszka Siedliska , founder of the Congregation of the Holy Family of Nazareth and its spiritual director, rev.

Lechert CR. Siedliska and two sisters started a Polish language primary school. In the local authority condemned the building as unsafe. After an extended search, a building was bought from the Swedenborg Society in Devonia Road, Islington. It became the first Polish-owned ecclesiastical building in the British Isles. It was consecrated on 30 October by cardinal August Hlond , primate of Poland in the presence of cardinal Bourne. In rev. After World War II , the pastoral task had swelled to almost , displaced people - mainly soldiers.

Many Polish servicemen were unable to return to their homeland following the annexation of half of Poland's territory by the USSR and the imposition of a communist regime in the newly reconfigured Poland.

The Polish Resettlement Corps was formed by the British government to ease their transition into British life. They were joined by several thousand Displaced Persons DPs , many of whom were their family members. This influx of Poles gave rise to the Polish Resettlement Act which allowed approximately , Polish Servicemen and their dependents to settle in Britain.

Many assimilated into existing Catholic congregations. There was also a minority Jewish contingent and a handful of Muslims among the soldiers.

In , following a visit to Poland the previous year for talks with cardinal Hlond, and after consulting with the Catholic episcopate of England and Wales, Cardinal Bernard Griffin nominated the rector of the Polish Catholic Mission, rev. Staniszewski as Vicar delegate for civilian Poles in England and Wales , with the powers of an Ordinariate. The Catholic hierarchy in England and Wales agreed to the appointment of a Vicar Delegate , nominated by the Polish Episcopate, with ordinary power over the Polish clergy throughout England and Wales, with certain exceptions relating to marriage.

On the pastoral front, the temporary Polish parish hosted in Central London by the fathers of Brompton Oratory was able to be moved westward in to the newly acquired St Andrew Bobola church in Shepherd's Bush , the second Polish owned church in London since It is regarded as an unofficial garrison church with memorials to many historical Polish Army regiments. Since the original agreement between the English and Polish church hierarchies in , whenever a Polish Catholic community emerges within England and Wales, the vicar delegate appoints a Polish priest to organise a local branch of the Polish Catholic Mission.

A priest thus appointed is the Catholic version of a " priest in charge ", but he is not actually a parish priest. A Polish community is sometimes referred to as a "parish", but is not a parish in the canonical sense. Hence the Polish community attending a "Polish church" is not a " judicial person ". The canonical judicial person which represents the interests of all Polish communities of worship is vested in the Polish Catholic Mission.

I would hope those responsible for the Polish Church here, and the Poles themselves, will be aware that they should become a part of local parishes as soon as possible when they learn enough of the language. The Polish Catholic Mission co-operated with the English hierarchy's research inquiry into the needs of migrants in London's Catholic community. Around people attending Mass in three London dioceses were surveyed using anonymous questionnaires available in Polish, Lithuanian, Chinese, French, Spanish, Portuguese and English.

The congregations were drawn from mainstream diocesan parishes, ethnic chaplaincies and churches of the Polish vicariate. One of the report's recommendations emphasised cooperation with key overseas bishops conferences, dioceses and religious institutes on the recruitment and appointment of ethnic chaplains.

A number of events which Catholics hold to be miracles are associated with England. A number of Marian apparitions are associated with England, the best known are the following;. Augustine, Ramsgate [] []. A number of cases of alleged incorruptibility of some Catholic saints are associated with England;. Two cases of alleged stigmata are associated with England, neither have been approved by the Vatican;. The list includes Welsh, Scot, Irish, and English saints. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Overview of the role of the Catholic Church in England and Wales. Not to be confused with Catholic Church in the United Kingdom. Westminster Cathedral , London. Main article: History of Christianity in Britain. See also: List of monastic houses in England and List of monastic houses in Wales. Main article: Catholic Emancipation Act of Further information: Catholic Chaplaincies in England and Wales. Main article: Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham. Main article: Polish Catholic Mission.

Retrieved 3 April from New Advent. Macmillan International Higher Education. ISBN The English vicars apostolic, Gerard Skinner.

Oxford: Family Publications. OCLC Ipsos Mori. Retrieved 12 May Phillips notes: "the subjection [of the Irish] of the seventeenth century was almost complete. During the first quarter of the eighteenth century [after the Treaty of Union], Catholic bishops were banned and priests required to register.

Once again the Irish were pushed west to poorer lands, an exodus that prefigured the disposition of the American Indians over the next two centuries. Retrieved 27 January Office of National Statistics Census table, 18 June release date. Kimberly Rachel Grunke. Archived from the original PDF on 14 May Retrieved 21 June Oxford: Oxbow, Archived from the original on 19 April Retrieved 7 January This church he consecrated in the name of the Saviour, Our God and Lord Jesus Christ, and there he established an habitation for himself and his successors.

Davis — Davies, Gerald S. O'Malley, S. University of Toronto Press. MacCulloch: "This program became a series of legislative acts steered through the English Parliament between and by a new chief minister, the obscurely born Thomas Cromwell.

Eamon Duffy , The Stripping of the Altars , p. There was no question of offering it for inspection by the overwhelming Catholic clerical assemblies, the Convocations of Canterbury and York, and if parliamentary legislation faced still opposition from the Catholic majority in the House of Lords.

This meant a delay until April , when two Catholic bishops were arrested on trumped-up charges and the loss of their parliamentary votes resulted in a tiny majority for the government's bills in the house of Lords. From St. Peter's to St. Paul's" in Tablet 7 March , Phillips says this: "Religious historians beg off from stating firm numbers for either camp.

If Puritans probably represented 10—20 percent of the national population, most of them still worshiping within the Church of England, Catholics were much harder to count. Open 'recusants' — Catholics who paid fines to avoid attending the Church of England — numbered sixty thousand in Many more, however, reluctantly attended services on Sunday with scowls or for as short a time as possible.

The more identifiable of these were called 'Church Papists'; the less important, ordinary grumblers who merely talked of preferring the older ceremonies were uncountable. In the north and west, at least half the population outside the towns were Catholic to some degree.

By this broad definition, Catholics would have numbered 10—15 percent of the total English population. Practising Catholics, however, could not have been more than 2—3 percent.

Catholicism survived most strongly among the nobility, of whom 15—20 percent clung to the old faith, including many leading magnates in an arc from Cumberland, Westmoreland, and Lancashire south to Derby, Worchestershire, and Hereforshire. However, even solidly Protestant East Anglian counties like Suffolk and Essex each had three, four, or a half-dozen aristocratic families holding to the religion of their forebears. This is perhaps one reason why the populace took Catholic 'plots' so seriously: What they called popery was especially visible among the powerful and influential.

This happy title is a disguise for the fact that Willem was so far the last foreign ruler to lead a successful military invasion of England, and the English did nothing to stop it. Her point: the "Glorious Revolution" amounted to a Dutch military takeover with English collaboration. There were probably about 70, to 80, British Catholics in the s, out of a population of seven million A brief history of English Catholicism.

New York: Robert Appleton Company, Third edition p. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Britain and the Papacy in the Age of Revolution, — Statistics are for "full members of certain churches in England and Wales. The edition records 3,, Anglicans, 2,, Catholics, 1,, other Protestants, and "about ," Jews.

The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 14 September Retrieved 28 January Financial Times. Hereford Times. Archived from the original on 16 June Retrieved 16 January Archived from the original on 12 January Retrieved 3 November The Catholic Herald.

Archived from the original on 13 April Retrieved 11 April Archived from the original on 13 June Ipsos MORI. Retrieved 16 October Phillips notes: "The subjugation [of the Irish] of the seventeenth century was almost complete Catholics lost their right to vote, hold office, own a gun or a horse worth more than 5 pounds, or live in towns without paying special fees Pew Research Center.

Archived from the original on 21 December Retrieved 7 April Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 26 May Retrieved 18 July Bernard Lubienski, C. R" — from the Tablet Archive". Archived from the original on 13 October Retrieved 11 August Sisters of the Holy Family of Nazareth. Retrieved 10 December Archived from the original on 23 December Retrieved 2 January Best; M. Reczek; A. Suchcitz London: Polish Catholic Mission. Biblioteka Narodowa, Archived from the original on 22 August Retrieved 19 April In the case of a martyr, recent popes have routinely dispensed the cause from having to prove any miracles for beatification on the grounds that the ultimate sacrifice is sufficient for the title of blessed.

Two miracles, however, are still required for canonization of non-martyrs. The process, of course, must be repeated for each miracle. Converts to Rome: a biographical list of the more notable converts to the Catholic Church in the United Kingdom online. Greenblatt, Stephen. Will in the World New York: W. Woodbridge, U. This re-evaluates post-Reformation Catholicism through windows of the wider Catholic community in England and through aristocratic patronage.

Christianity in the United Kingdom. History of Christianity in Britain. Roman Catholic Church. Moravian Church. United Reformed Church. Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion.

Exclusive Brethren Open Brethren. Seventh-day Adventist Church. Newfrontiers Vineyard Ichthus Christian Fellowship.

New Apostolic Church. Evangelical Lutheran Church of England. Scottish Episcopal Church. Baptist Union of Scotland. Assemblies of God Elim Pentecostal Church. Newfrontiers Quakers.